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| signature = Robert Hofstadter.svg | spouse = Nancy (Givan) Hofstadter (3 children) (1920-2007) }} Robert Hofstadter (February 5, 1915 – November 17, 1990) was an American physicist. He was the joint winner of the 1961 Nobel Prize in Physics (together with Rudolf Mössbauer) "for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his consequent discoveries concerning the structure of nucleons".〔R. W. McAllister & Robert Hofstadter, "Elastic Scattering of 188 MeV Electrons from Proton and the Alpha Particle," ''Physical Review'', V102, p. 851 (1956).〕〔Robert Hofstadter, "(The Electron Scattering Method & its Application to the Structure of Nuclei and Nucleons )," Nobel Lectures, Physics 1942-1962, pp. 560-581, Elsevier Pub. Co., Amsterdam-London-New York (Dec 1961).〕 == Biography == Hofstadter was born into a Jewish family〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nndb.com/people/318/000072102/ )〕 in New York City on February 5, 1915, to Polish immigrants, Louis Hofstadter, a salesman, and the former Henrietta Koenigsberg.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt458037nx/entire_text/ )〕 He attended elementary and high schools in New York City and entered City College of New York, graduating with a B.S. degree ''magna cum laude'' in 1935 at the age of 20, and was awarded the Kenyon Prize in Mathematics and Physics. He also received a Charles A. Coffin Foundation Fellowship from the General Electric Company, which enabled him to attend graduate school at Princeton University, where he earned his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees at the age of 23.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10169&page=161 )〕 He did his post-doctoral research at the University of Pennsylvania and was an assistant professor at Princeton before joining Stanford University. Hofstadter taught at Stanford from 1950 to 1985. In 1942 he married Nancy Givan (1920–2007), a native of Baltimore.〔(Obituary to Nancy Givan ) from Stanford University, 2007.〕 They had three children: Laura, Molly - who was disabled and not able to communicate,〔Doug Hofstadter's dedication to 'I am a strange loop'.〕 and Pulitzer Prize-winner Douglas Hofstadter.〔(National Academy of Sciences biography )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Robert Hofstadter」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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